In functional programming, I often build pipelines — snapping together small, focused functions to form one powerful operation. Think of it like assembling a train track: data enters at the beginning, and each function on the track transforms it before passing it along.

This is called function composition — combining functions to create cleaner, more reusable code.

Let’s break it down with a simple example.

The Functions

const capitalize = x => x.replace(/^\w/, m => m.toUpperCase());
const sign = x => x + ',\nmade with love';
  • capitalize makes the first letter uppercase.
  • sign appends a friendly message at the end.

Instead of calling them separately like this:

const result = sign(capitalize('this is an example'));

You can compose them into one clean function:

const formatText = compose(capitalize, sign);

Now:

formatText('this is an example');
// Output:
// 'This is an example,
// made with love'

Just like that, you’ve built a transformation track.

What is compose?

Libraries like Lodash or Ramda give you a compose() function out of the box. But here’s a basic version you can write yourself:

const compose = (...fns) => x =>
  fns.reduce((acc, fn) => fn(acc), x);

It takes any number of functions, and when called with a value, it passes that value through each function in order.

Bottom line: Function composition lets you build powerful pipelines by snapping together small, focused functions. It keeps your code clean, modular, and easy to understand.

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